Peripheral angioplasty is an interventional procedure to either open blockages formed from plaques in peripheral arteries or stabilize severely aneurysmal (dilated) blood vessels. Plaques form due to atherosclerosis, an inflammatory process that eventually results in calcium deposits within the walls of blood vessels. If these plaques become severe enough, impairment in blood flow results. A similar process can result in severe weakening of blood vessel walls, leading to dilated blood vessels, which may increase the risk of rupture.
A peripheral angioplasty procedure is commonly performed in patients who have symptoms of peripheral vascular disease (e.g. stroke, lower extremity pain with walking, non-healing wounds) or patients who are at high risk for an adverse event due to severe blockage or severe dilation (aneurysm) of a blood vessel.
Understanding the Peripheral Angioplasty / Stent Procedure
Peripheral angioplasty, if necessary, is performed after a peripheral angiogram demonstrates concerning findings within a blood vessel. A long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is typically inserted into the leg or arm through a tiny incision (less than one-tenth of an inch) at the skin surface. These catheters are used to help position wires within the abnormal blood vessels.
A balloon, stent, or other equipment may be advanced over the wire and used to treat the abnormal blood vessel. If a stent is used, the walls of a peripheral artery will eventually grow around the stent, much like ivy can grow and eventually cover a chain-link fence.
While this healing process occurs, certain medications are extremely important; your physician will discuss them with you. In most instances, aspirin is required life-long, and an additional anti-platelet medication (e.g., clopidogrel) may be needed for some time, depending on the type of stent and the reason for its placement. Your doctor will discuss with you the specifics regarding necessary medications.
If you recently have had a peripheral angioplasty or stent procedure and are taking medications prescribed by your physician, do not stop these medications for any reason without consulting your doctor.